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SWIMMING POOL WATER CHEMICAL BALANCE
Swimming Pool Ideal Chemical Balance
The following are the ideal ranges for some of the most common swimming pool, and spa, water parameters:
| IDEAL VALUES
|
|
Pool |
Spa |
| Total Alkalinity |
80 - 120 * |
80 - 120 * |
| pH |
7.2 - 7.8 |
7.2 - 7.8 |
| Calcium, Water Hardness |
200 - 400 |
200 - 400 |
| Free Chlorine |
1.0 - 3.0 |
1.5 - 3.0 |
| Bromine |
2.0 - 4.0 |
3.0 - 5.0 |
| Total Chlorine |
<= Free Chlorine |
|
| Cyanuric Acid, Stabilizer |
40 - 120 |
|
| Phosphates |
< 125 |
| |
| Total Dissolved Solids |
1000 - 2000 |
1500 above start up levels |
Swimming Pool Total Alkalinity
The level of base content of the swimming pool water, the measure of the carbonates, hydroxides, bicarbonates, borates, phosphates, cyanurates, and sulfates present in this sample of pool or spa water
Total alkalinity must be in the correct range to be able to keep the water’s PH stable, and in this way preventing a series of pool-spa water problems. Stable PH prevents problems such as pool surface or equipment corrosion, stains, and mineral deposits.
* The correct total alkalinity range depends on the sanitizer being used. This range should be:
80 – 100 PPM when using sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, or calcium hypochlorite.
100-120 PPM when using sodium trichlor, dichlor, chlorine gas, or bromine
Too low total alkalinity in your swimming pool will cause “PH bounce”, which is defined as the quick and drastic change in PH level when even small amounts of corrective chemicals are added. As mentioned above, unstable PH could lead to surface corrosion, equipment and plumbing damage, and skin problems.
Too high swimming pool total alkalinity will keep the PH from changing despite the addition of large quantities of corrective chemicals. Your pool-spa’s water PH will go high and stay there. High PH will greatly decrease chlorine’s ability to sanitize your swimming pool water. High PH will also cause skin and eye irritation, scaling water, water cloudiness, reduced water circulation, and plugged filters.
If nothing else, you should remember that the swimming pool total alkalinity level affects your pool's pH, and therefore it should be tested and properly adjusted before attempting any pH testing and adjusting. You can spend lots of time and money unsuccessfully trying to adjust your swimming pool's PH, if the total alkalinity has not been adjusted first. Ignoring total alkalinity levels will inevitable lead to expensive swimming pool-spa problems.
Swimming Pool pH
In an aqueous solution, it is the value of its acidity or basicity. In more scientific terms, it is the relative amounts of hydrogen ions, and hydroxide ions present in the solution. The pH value can be anywhere from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic/alkaline). Pure water has a value of 7, which represents neutrality.
In terms of swimming pool maintenance, pH is arguably one of the most important parameter to keep in balance. If the pH is out of range, it will be very difficult to obtain, and maintain the ideal pool water chemical balance.
Pool Patio and Beyond offers a variety of high quality, economical products to keep your swimming pool's pH under control.
Swimming Pool Water Hardness
Water hardness is the concentration of dissolved minerals, mainly calcium and magnesium. It is also commonly referred to as calcium hardness.
The amount of calcium hardness is a function of the water source. Well water is bound to have a higher mineral content, harder, than fresh-water from a lake, or river. If the water is too hard, you will experience scale formation on your swimming pool/spa walls. The water may also take a cloudy appearance.
You would then think that soft water is better, well, not quite. Water will get their mineral from somewhere. If your swimming pool water is too soft, it will eventually dissolve the plaster and any metal in your pool walls, pipes, and spa equipment.
Water is considered hard when its calcium hardness is over 250 ppm, and its alkalinity is over 150 ppm. pH tends to be more stable in hard water. Under these conditions, it may be best to use a mildly acidic chlorine donor, such as trichlor tablets (or may be dichlor granules) so as to help achieve a pH balance in the pool water. We offer a complete range of chlorine products at the best prices.
Swimming Pool Water Total Dissolved Solids
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), refers to everything dissolved in your swimming pool or spa water, chlorine, metals, salts, etc.
If your TDS is too high, your water may taste salty, it may also have a tint to it. Some other symptoms, include false test readings, and algae growth.
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